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Xanthelasmas typically appear as a few small lumps, but can gradually develop into a single large mass. They are most commonly located on the eyelids, eye sockets, or tear ducts. They can also appear on the elbows, knees, and buttocks, but are less common than on the eyes. They most commonly occur in middle-aged patients, with the majority being women. Initially, a xanthelasma may appear on only one eyelid, then expand to the same location on the other eyelid, creating a symmetrical pattern. Fortunately, these tumors are benign and pose no health concerns or affect vision.<\/p>\n
The risk factors for xanthelasma have not yet been determined. What is known is that this disease is caused by macrophages taking up cholesterol, forming foam cells, which accumulate in the dermis of the skin and form benign tumors. Although they will not become malignant, they will not disappear once they appear.<\/p>\n
Treatment options include laser therapy, electrical cauterization, liquid nitrogen cryosurgery, and surgery. Laser ablation of the affected tissue is a relatively effective and safe method, resulting in minimal scarring and generally satisfactory results. However, it should be noted that larger xanthelasmas are more difficult to treat. Therefore, the recommended course of treatment should be based on the size and location of the affected area, as well as the patient's desired outcome.<\/p>\n
Clinically, some patients have been found to have high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia. However, many individuals with high cholesterol and chronic hyperlipidemia do not develop xanthelasma, so there is currently no evidence to support a link between the two. Patients who develop xanthelasma should also undergo a blood test to determine their cholesterol levels, but a diagnosis of this condition does not necessarily guarantee elevated or abnormal cholesterol levels.<\/p>\n
If patients also test positive for elevated cholesterol, they should avoid high-fat foods, or even take medication. Failure to do so could lead to more serious problems such as arterial embolism and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Foreign studies have shown that people with xanthelasma have a higher risk of heart disease, so patients are advised to consider these symptoms as health warnings and cultivate healthy lifestyle habits.<\/p>\n
Dr. Yongbai Su, Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners<\/p>\n