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This disease mostly occurs in women of childbearing age. There are many causes of ovarian cysts, which can be divided into benign and malignant in simple terms. There are many benign cases. Among them, functional ovarian cysts are the most common, that is, cysts that appear during ovulation. Follicles form within the oocyst, and each month the follicles grow larger until they burst and release the egg. However, in some cases, these follicles become cysts. For example, the follicle does not burst open successfully, or after the follicle releases the egg, the follicle does not burst open and instead fills with blood or other fluids.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, abnormal cell proliferation in the ovary can also lead to cysts. Cystadenoma is formed by ovarian epithelial cells and can be divided into mucinous cystadenoma and serous cystadenoma; there is also a teratoma, in which various tissues such as hair, teeth, sebaceous glands or sweat glands can be found. In the case of endometrial displacement, abnormal endometrial tissue may proliferate in the ovaries and form cysts, which may also lead to infertility.<\/p>\n
Don't think that benign cysts are not dangerous. If they are too large, they may burst or twist, causing severe pain, internal bleeding, or infection, and in severe cases, ovarian necrosis. If necessary, the doctor will recommend surgery to remove the cyst. It should be noted that ovarian cysts may also be malignant tumors, and patients must receive cancer treatment.<\/p>\n
There may not be obvious symptoms of this disease. If a woman suddenly has related symptoms, such as unexplained lower abdominal pain, pain during sex, frequent urination or difficulty urinating, menstrual disorders or a heavy feeling in the lower abdomen, she should find out the cause as soon as possible. Ultrasound scans can check the location and size of ovarian cysts, and blood tests may also be used to check whether the ovarian cancer index has increased. If it is judged as a benign cyst, generally wait one to two months before checking. If the cyst has subsided on its own, no treatment is required.<\/p>\n
However, if the symptoms are severe, the cyst cannot subside, or the cyst is larger than 5 cm, laparoscopic surgery is required. Another situation is that the doctor cannot judge whether the cyst is benign or malignant from the images, and it may also need to be removed for laboratory tests. During the procedure, doctors must be careful not to disturb normal ovarian tissue.<\/p>\n
Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist Dr. Chan Wing Yin<\/p>\n