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In medicine, an adult woman is considered to have entered menopause if she has not had a menstrual period for more than a year. Women generally begin to menopause at the age of 45 to 55. During this stage, ovarian function declines, causing hormone secretion to gradually decrease until it stops. Due to the sharp drop in estrogen levels in the body, menstruation becomes less regular, and the amount of menstrual flow increases or decreases. At the same time, various symptoms occur due to physical changes, such as insomnia, hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, rough skin and hair loss. Wait, it is difficult for the body and mind to adapt for a while.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In addition to physical and psychological changes, lowered estrogen levels can lead to other potential health problems. Women not only face the above symptoms, but also the vagina will lose its elasticity and lubrication due to the thinning of the mucous membrane layer, and it will become prone to itching and inflammation, as well as pain during intercourse. Some women's urethral function is also affected, or urinary incontinence occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Calcium content in women's bones also decreases rapidly with menopause, leading to a decrease in bone density and increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, early prevention is necessary to reduce the chance of fractures and injuries in the future. Another potential hidden danger is that as the estrogen content in the blood decreases, cholesterol is more likely to block blood vessels and cause atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If there is abnormal bleeding after menopause, even if it is only a small amount, you should be cautious and seek medical advice as soon as possible, and perform a detailed physical examination to diagnose whether it is a precursor to cancer, such as endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. The doctor will advise the patient to undergo a pelvic ultrasound examination as needed to check whether there are lesions in the uterus, ovaries and other reproductive organs. For cervical cancer-related lesions, a Pap smear can detect abnormalities more accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, menopausal women are not the only ones who suffer from "menopause". There are also young women who only have menstruation once every 3 to 4 months (commonly known as "Four Seasons"). This may be related to polycystic ovary syndrome and other gynecological diseases. It should be noted that no matter what causes menstrual disorders, women should not relax, and should receive gynecological examination as soon as possible to improve the problem from the root cause. In the next issue, we will continue to talk about how women deal with and relieve menopausal symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist Dr. Chan Wing Yin<\/p>\n\n\n\n