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In medicine, genetic diseases refer to diseases caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of germ cells or fertilized eggs. Mutated genes cause diseases to be inherited. The so-called "body, skin, and skin are affected by parents", in addition to appearance, height and blood type are affected by genetic factors, some diseases may also have the opportunity to "be passed down from generation to generation".<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most people's understanding of genetic diseases is mostly associated with thalassemia, Down's syndrome, and G6PD deficiency (commonly known as favism). In fact, genetic diseases are not limited to congenital diseases, but can also be non-rare diseases, plus acquired environmental factors to induce lesions. Familial hereditary cancer is common, and close relatives share cancer genes, and the risk of cancer is also higher. An example is the Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie. Due to her family medical history, she underwent genetic testing and was found to be a carrier of the BRCA1 gene mutation, which puts her at a very high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. She then had both breasts, ovaries and fallopian tubes removed to prevent cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In addition to the "scary" cancer, some urban diseases also have the opportunity to be passed on to the next generation, including diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood fat, which are all related to genes. There was a patient who was only in his thirties, ate a normal diet and was thin but suffered from diabetes. It turned out that all relatives in the maternal line had hyperglycemia problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Therefore, if a close relative has a relevant medical history, family members should communicate and follow up with the family doctor in detail, such as whether to undergo appropriate physical examination (such as cancer genetic risk test), pre-pregnancy examination before family planning, etc.; Reduce the risk of disease. If the family has a history of diabetes, parents should train their children to adopt a low-sugar diet and exercise regularly to control blood sugar levels and prevent them from exceeding the standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, not every family with a genetic disease has a precedent. For example, the parents of patients with thalassemia, Down syndrome, and achondroplasia, and even the entire family have never suffered from the same disease, but their child became the first case in the family. This situation is either caused by a mutation in the genetic material during the genetic process, or the parents are recessive patients with genetic diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Yongbai Su, Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners<\/p>\n\n\n\n